Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)
Considerable research has explored therapeutic applications of oligomeric
proanthocyanidin complexes (OPCs), naturally occurring plant metabolites widely available
in grape seed and skin as well as in various fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, flowers, and
bark. OPCs are primarily known for their antioxidant activity. However, these compounds
have also been reported to demonstrate antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic,
anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and vasodilatory actions.
The OPCs contained in IMMUPRO™ are extracted from grape seed and
skin. They are of the highest quality available with 95% OPC content.
Click the links below for further research on Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)
Degli
Esposti M, Ghelli A, Ratta M, Cortes D, Estornell E.
The cellular and molecular basis of health benefits of grape seed proanthocyanidin
extract. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2001 Jun;2(2):187-200. PMID: 11480422 [PubMed - in
process]
Joshi
SS, Kuszynski CA, Bagchi M, Bagchi D.
Chemopreventive effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on Chang liver cells.
Toxicology. 2000 Nov 30;155(1-3):83-90. PMID: 11154800 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bomser
JA, Singletary KW, Wallig MA, Smith MA.
Inhibition of TPA-induced tumor promotion in CD-1 mouse epidermis by a polyphenolic
fraction from grape seeds. Cancer Lett. 1999 Jan 29;135(2):151-7. PMID: 10096423 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE]
Yamakoshi
J, Kataoka S, Koga T, Ariga T.
Proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds attenuates the development of aortic
atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Jan;142(1):139-49. PMID:
9920515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bagchi
D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Das DK, Ray SD, Kuszynski CA, Joshi SS, Pruess HG.
Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and
disease prevention. Toxicology. 2000 Aug 7;148(2-3):187-97. PMID: 10962138 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE]
Sato
M, Maulik G, Ray PS, Bagchi D, Das DK.
Cardioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin against ischemic reperfusion
injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999 Jun;31(6):1289-97. PMID: 10371703 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
Das
DK, Sato M, Ray PS, Maulik G, Engelman RM, Bertelli AA, Bertelli A.
Cardioprotection of red wine: role of polyphenolic antioxidants. Drugs Exp Clin Res.
1999;25(2-3):115-20. Review. PMID: 10370873 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ray
SD, Patel D, Wong V, Bagchi D.
In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during
acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and
doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.
Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2000;107(1-2):137-66. PMID: 11334364 [PubMed - in
process]
Joshi
SS, Kuszynski CA, Benner EJ, Bagchi M, Bagchi D.
Amelioration of the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents by grape seed
proanthocyanidin extract. Antioxid Redox Signal. 1999 Winter;1(4):563-70. PMID: 11233153
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ray
SD, Wong V, Rinkovsky A, Bagchi M, Raje RR, Bagchi D.
Unique organoprotective properties of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on
cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced splenotoxicity
and mocap-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol.
2000;107(1-2):105-28. PMID: 11334361 [PubMed - in process]
Ray
SD, Parikh H, Hickey E, Bagchi M, Bagchi D.
Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair
modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal cytochrome 4502E1-dependent aniline
hydroxylation. Mol Cell Biochem. 2001 Feb;218(1-2):27-33. PMID: 11330834 [PubMed - in
process]
Fitzpatrick
DF, Fleming RC, Bing B, Maggi DA, O'Malley RM.
Isolation and characterization of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing compounds from grape
seeds. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Dec;48(12):6384-90. PMID: 11312812 [PubMed - in process]
Roychowdhury
S, Wolf G, Keilhoff G, Bagchi D, Horn T.
Protection of primary glial cells by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract against
nitrosative/oxidative stress. Nitric Oxide. 2001 Apr;5(2):137-49. PMID: 11292363 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE]
Bagchi
D, Ray SD, Patel D, Bagchi M.
Protection against drug- and chemical-induced multiorgan toxicity by a novel IH636 grape
seed proanthocyanidin extract. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2001;27(1):3-15. PMID: 11276828 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
Khanna
S, Roy S, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CK.
Upregulation of oxidant-induced VEGF expression in cultured keratinocytes by a grape seed
proanthocyanidin extract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jul 1;31(1):38-42. PMID: 11425488
[PubMed - in process]
Plumb
GW, De Pascual-Teresa S, Santos-Buelga C, Cheynier V, Williamson G.
Antioxidant properties of catechins and proanthocyanidins: effect of polymerisation,
galloylation and glycosylation. Free Radic Res. 1998 Oct;29(4):351-8. PMID: 9860050
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bagchi
D, Garg A, Krohn RL, Bagchi M, Bagchi DJ, Balmoori J, Stohs SJ.
Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against
TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and peritoneal
macrophage activation in mice. Gen Pharmacol. 1998 May;30(5):771-6. PMID: 9559333 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
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